An overview of Mental Prayer; sent to me by Mary Schwarz from Manhattan:
- General purpose: to have a loving conversation with Christ.
- 1) Place yourself in the presence of Christ (or God or the Holy Spirit or Mary).
- 2) Select the material for conversation, either an event in the life of Christ, a mystery of the rosary, or a point of Catholic doctrine.
- If you choose an event in the life of Christ or a mystery of the rosary, then read about it in Scripture or study a picture of it. (When you become very familiar with the particular event or mystery, you don’t need to read about it.)
- If you choose a point of Catholic doctrine, read about it in a book about doctrine, such as Father Groeschel’s book, Praying with the Creed, Frank Sheed’s book, Theology for Beginners, or a catechism. Or if you are already familiar with the point of doctrine, just think about it.
- 3) Meditation: Put yourself into the scene. Imagine you are there. What can you see, what can you hear, what can you smell? (If you choose a point of Catholic doctrine, don’t try to imagine it, just think about it.)
- Then you think about the material, and ask yourself some of these questions: who is this happening to, why is it happening, for what reason it is happening?
- 4) Talk to our Lord about the material – this is the heart of the prayer. (If there are other things you want to talk to God about at this time, go right ahead!)
- Repeat until the time for prayer is over.
- Other ways of doing mental prayer
- Study a religious painting or statute and talk to our Lord about it.
- Take the Our Father and 1) think about what each phrase means and 2) talk to our Lord about it.
- Go through the motives for prayer: adoration, contrition, thanksgiving and supplication (ACTS). Talk to our Lord about each one. In other words, tell Our Lord that you adore him and why. Then tell him about your recent sins and tell him you are sorry, tell him you are sorry for your past sins, then tell him all the things in your life that you are grateful for, and then ask him for the things you need.
- Take a spiritual book and read until something gets your attention. For some people they might only need to read a few sentences or a paragraph. Others might need to read a few pages. When something stirs your heart, think about it and then talk to our Lord about it.
- Lectio Divina is another kind of mental prayer.
STEPS IN LECTIO DIVINA (Short version)
1) Actio: prepare yourself for reading Sacred Scripture (the Word of God) by going to a quiet place and repeating a simple prayer.
2) Lectio: Read a passage from Scripture (preferably out loud, slowly, to become familiar with it.) Reread the passage once or twice again (out loud or silently) until you see a phrase which speaks to you personally.
If the passage “leaves you cold,” you might choose a phrase or sentence and say it over and over again. In this case, being with the Lord in a disposition of love and trust will be sufficient. Or do steps 3, 4 and 5 anyway, using the whole passage or phrase.
3) Meditatio: Think about the meaning of the phrase or the whole passage to the point where it stirs some reaction in you.
4) Oratio: Speak to Christ (or God the father, or the Holy Spirit) directly about the phrase or passage for as long as you can.
(This is the most important part of Lectio. The other steps are really preparation for this. You don’t have to only talk to God about the passage or phrase. You can talk to Him about whatever comes into your mind and heart to say to Him.)
You will probably want to go back and forth between steps 3 and 4. In others you will think about or imagine the passage, and then talk to God about it. When you run out of things to say, go back to thinking about the passage, until you are inspired to talk to our Lord again.
5) Contemplatio: Place yourself in front of Christ, (or the Father or the Holy Spirit or Our Lady) as with a friend. Rest with him for a minute or two without using words.
STEPS IN MENTAL PRAYER (Long Version)
Preparation: Place yourself in God’s presence. Remember He is not only surrounding you, but is dwelling within you because of your baptism.
St. Francis de Sales says that God is present to us in four ways: 1) God is in all things and all places. There is no place where He is not truly present. We often behave as if He were far away. Secondly, He is present in our heart and in the center of our soul. 3) Christ is looking down from heaven in his humanity on all mankind, especially on his Christian children, whose actions he observes, and 4) We can imagine that Christ in his humanity is near to us, just as we sometimes imagine a friend to be present.
An especially good place to pray is in front of the Blessed Sacrament, but don’t worry if you can’t do that. God is in your soul just as much as He is present in the Blessed Sacrament.
Make a quick examination of conscience. Make an act of contrition (such as, “Oh my God, I am most heartily sorry for having offended Thee, because Thou art all good, and I firmly with the help resolve of Thy grace not to offend Thee again.”
Select on an incident from the life or passion of Christ or a point of Catholic doctrine.
First, select the material: a) Choose any incident from the life of Christ in the gospels or choose a mystery of the rosary and read about it in Scripture, or 3) choose a truth of the Catholic faith, such as the Trinity or the Incarnation, to think about, or 4) choose a religious painting or statute. (Once you become familiar with the mysteries or doctrine, you won’t need to begin by reading.) St. Francis de Sales and St. Teresa of Avila especially recommend frequently meditating on the passion of Christ.
If you choose a point of Catholic doctrine, read about that in a book of Catholic doctrine, such as Theology for Beginners by Frank Sheed (I highly recommend this), the Catechism of the Catholic Church, or in Father Groeschel’s book, Praying With the Creed. (See my handout on spiritual reading for books about Catholic doctrine.)
This reading can last for a two or three minutes, if that is enough, to five or ten for some people. If you chose a piece of religious art, study that for at least two or three minutes. Then put down the book or art work.
3)Next, close your eyes and imagine that you are there in the scene or event. What is it like? What can you see and hear. If it helps, use your senses to imagine the scene: what can you see, what can you hear, what can you feel, what can you smell, etc. (Obviously you can’t do this if you chose a point of Catholic doctrine, so in that case, you skip this step.)
You don’t have to go overboard in the imagining the scene. You don’t need to see every little detail. A vague, general picture is enough. Some people find it very hard to imagine anything. If that’s the case, don’t worry, but strive to imagine a vague representation of the scene.
Meditate on the material. (Don’t let this word intimidate you. It means “to think about.”) Ask yourself some of these questions: who, what, where, when, how, why, with what assistance? (In other words, what is happening in this scene or mystery of the rosary? who is this happening to? why is it happening? where and when is it happening?) If you chose a point of doctrine such as the Trinity or incarnation, think about that.
This is not the really important part of the prayer. Thinking is not praying. St. Teresa’s rule was that “Prayer consists not in thought but in love.” However, we should not pass on to conversation (the important part of the prayer) until the material we have chosen to meditate on makes a strong impression on us.
Conversation (the most important part of the prayer). Talk to Our Lord about what you’ve been thinking about in your meditation for as long as you can. Make acts of love, adoration, thanksgiving, sorrow for your sins, and prayers of petition in which you ask for various things. Talk in your own words. Don’t try to use fancy language or words. God doesn’t care about our literary style! He doesn’t mind if our grammar is bad. We do not need to speak words out loud. In fact, it is better to pray with interior words, but we should use exterior words in the beginning. After some time, we will find that we can sometimes express such feelings as love, gratitude and sorrow without words. Or we may be able to simply enjoy Christ’s presence while we feel affection and esteem, without having to use interior words.
Just as we talk with our friends without strain, we should feel free of tension when we pray. If our prayer is dry on a particular day, we don’t have to wrestle with ourselves or feel that we are a failure. We should just acknowledge our poverty and weakness to our Lord. Perhaps we should just say some vocal prayers instead on that day. (Vocal prayers are prayers in other people’s words, such as the Our Father, Hail Mary, the psalms, etc.) Or try one of the other methods I suggest below. But when we say our vocal prayers, we have to be trying to connect with God, to mean them, not just say them in a rote fashion.
When we speak to God, He will speak to us. Not that we will hear Him, but he answers by sending us graces of light and love through which we understand His ways better and desire to embrace His will generously.
St. Teresa: “. . . He will not disdain to answer and speak to you in return. He does not, indeed, make Himself heard in any voice that reaches your ears, but in a voice that your heart can well perceive. . . He will then speak to you by such inspirations, such interior lights, such manifestations of His goodness, such sweet touches in your heart, such tokens of forgiveness, such experience of grace, such loving and close embraces, in a word, such voices of love—as are well understood by those souls whom He loves, and who seek for nothing but Himself alone.”
Repeat until time for prayer is over.
Other ways of doing mental prayer
Take the Our Father and 1) think about what each phrase means and 2) talk to our Lord about it one phrase at a time.
Go through the motives for prayer: adoration, contrition, thanksgiving and supplication [ACTS]. Talk to our Lord about each one. In other words, tell Our Lord that you adore him and why. Then tell him about your recent sins and tell him you are sorry, tell him you are sorry for your past sins, then tell him all the things in your life that you are grateful for, and then ask him for the things you need or want for yourself or other people.
Take a spiritual book and read until something gets your attention. For some people they might only need to read a few sentences or a paragraph. Others might need to read a few pages. When something stirs your heart, think about it and then talk to our Lord about it. Or you can just talk to our Lord about it if you feel the inspiration to do that.
STEPS IN LECTIO DIVINA (Long Version)
1) Actio (means “act” in Latin): prepare yourself for reading Sacred Scripture (the Word of God) by going to a quiet place and repeating a simple prayer.
Cardinal Collins of Toronto, suggests saying the words of the prophet Samuel from Sacred Scripture, “Speak Lord, your servant is listening” (1 Samuel 3:10) before and/or during the reading of the passage.
2) Lectio (“lectio” is Latin for reading): Read a passage from Scripture (preferably out loud, slowly, to become familiar with it.) Reread the passage once or twice again (out loud or silently) until you see a phrase which speaks to you personally.
If a phrase or sentence leaps out at you, that is a sign that the Holy Spirit is speaking to you through these words. If the passage “leaves you cold,” you might choose a phrase or sentence and say it over and over again. In this case, being with the Lord in a disposition of love and trust will be sufficient. Or do steps 3, 4 and 5 using the whole passage or phrase, or start over using another passage of Scripture, using the zeroxed pages I gave you from the book “Too Deep for Words.”
3) Meditatio: (Meditatio means “to think about,” or literally “to chew on.”) Think about the meaning of the phrase or the whole passage to the point where it stirs some reaction in you.
Cardinal Collins suggests this: Ask yourself:
1) What does this passage say to my head — in other words, what does it show me about the Lord
2) What does it say to my heart – that is, how does it lead me to love the Lord?
3) What does it say to my hands – that is, what does it call me to do practically in my life as a disciple of Jesus.
Another way to do the meditatio is to imagine that you are present in the Gospel scene. Imagine you are seeing and hearing the persons in the scene; what do you see and hear? What can you small? You can identify with one of the persons in the scene, imagining that you are him or her, or you can just imagine that you are there. You can imagine that Jesus is speaking his words to you. These are possible ways of imagining the scene. Do what is most natural for you. Some people like to use their imagination more than other people. If you like to imagine the scene – fine. If not, don’t. Use Cardinal Collins’s questions or just think about what the phrase or passage means in itself or for you. Remember that this stage of lectio, “meditatio,” is not the most important part of the prayer. You should not spend the whole time at prayer imagining the scene or thinking about what it means. (This is sometimes a problem for young theologians; they spend the whole period of prayer in theological speculation.) You should spend at least some part of the time talking to Our Lord, either about what you have imagined (see the next step) or about whatever the reading has inspired you to talk to Him about. Over time, you will find that you will be able to spend less time thinking about the gospel passage or imagining it, and more time doing the “oratio,” or speaking to God.
4) Oratio: (Oratio means speaking or praying) Speak to Christ (or God the father, or the Holy Spirit) directly about the phrase or passage for as long as you can.
This is the most important part of Lectio. The other steps are really preparation for this. If you use Cardinal Collins questions above, you might speak to God after you ask yourself each question, but especially after you ask yourself the question, “What does this say to my heart?”
You don’t have to only talk to God about the passage or phrase. You can talk to Him about whatever comes into your mind and heart to say to Him.
You will probably want to go back and forth between steps 3 and 4. In others you will think about or imagine the passage, and then talk to God about it. When you run out of things to say, go back to thinking about the passage, until you are inspired to talk to our Lord again.
5) Contemplatio (Latin for “looking at” or “gazing at”): Place yourself in front of Christ, (or the Father or the Holy Spirit or Our Lady) as with a friend. Rest with him for a minute or two without using words.